ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de síntomas asociados a asma, rinitis y eccema relacionada con la ingesta de alimentos en menores de seis a siete años. Metodología Estudio descriptivo de prevalencia de asma, rinitis y eccema y la relación con el consumo de alimentos. Información obtenida en 1 520 escolares del Distrito de Barraquilla y su área metropolitana. Se empleó metodología ISSAC procesándose la información mediante el software SPSS versión 24 El cuestionario fue contestado por el acudiente del menor y solo se tuvieron en cuenta los que tenían debidamente diligenciado los consentimientos informados Se hizo análisis empleando Chi-cuadrado, y el valor P de significancia con un 95% de confianza. Resultados Para los 1 520 menores encuestados el alimento que presentó relación con alergias fue el pescado asociándolo con el asma, evidenciando que en la población puede ser factor protector para la aparición de eccema mostrando estadísticamente una P<0,05, un Chi-cuadrado: 4,566, IC 95% [0,3;0,8]. Conclusiones De los alimentos analizados el pescado es uno que presentó relación y se asoció como factor protector para el eccema, el consumo de la leche de vaca se relacionó como factor protector para rinitis; en lo referente a los demás alimentos y las alergias el estudio no es conclusivo en cuanto a si la ingesta temprana es un factor predisponente o desencadenante de ellas en los menores, o no lo son.(AU)
ABSTRACT Objective To determine the prevalence of symptoms associated with asthma, rhinitis and eczema with food intake in children under six years of age. Materials and Methods Descriptive study on the prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and eczema and their correlation with food consumption. Information was obtained from 1 520 schoolchildren of the District of Barranquilla and its metropolitan area. The ISSAC method was used to process the information, which was provided by the child's guardian, using the software SPSS version 24. Only duly completed questionnaires with informed consents were considered. Analysis was made using a chi-squared test, with a significant P value and 95% confidence. Results In the 1 520 children surveyed, the type of food related to allergies was fish, associated with asthma, showing that this may be a protective factor for the population regarding the onset of eczema, with a statistically a P value of <0.05, chi-square of 4.566, and CI of 95% [0.3;0.8]. Conclusions The analyzed foods showed that fish is related and associated as a protective factor for eczema, while the consumption of cow's milk was related as a protective factor for rhinitis. Regarding other foods and allergies, the study is not conclusive as to whether their early intake is a predisposing factor or trigger in children.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Asthma/epidemiology , Rhinitis/epidemiology , Child Health , Eczema/epidemiology , Food Hypersensitivity/complications , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies/instrumentation , Colombia/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de alergias en niños y niñas de 6 y 7 años y su relación con la nutrición materna Materiales y métodos: Este estudio transversal descriptivo de prevalencia de alergias en niños y niñas de 6 y 7 años y su relación con la alimentación de la madre recolectó la información a través del cuestionario del International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, el cual es empleado para describir el comportamiento epidemiológico de las enfermedades como asma, rinitis y eccema en niños y jóvenes; dicho instrumentos este fue resuelto por los padres de los menores previa firma y entrega del consentimiento informado. El cuestionario arrojó una confiabilidad del 0,78 en el α de Cronbach; a las categorías de interés de este estudio se les hizo análisis de proporción, y el contraste de hipótesis se realizó mediante diferencia de proporciones con intervalo de confianza en un nivel del 95 %, Resultados: Teniendo en cuenta los resultados sobre el consumo de alimentos de la madre en etapa de gestación y la presencia de síntomas de alergia en los menores, se concluye que: Valor-P = 0,05 Valor-Zα/2 = -34,6241 No se acepta la H0 para un α/2 = 0,025, se encontró en el estudio que aunque las madres refirieron haber consumido mayormente alimentos saludables, sus hijos presentaron síntomas de enfermedades alérgicas asociadas a asma, rinitis y eccema. Conclusiones: Este estudio, al igual que otros, no presenta un consenso sobre si la dieta materna influye positivamente en la disminución de alergias en los neonatos.
Abstract Objective: To establish the prevalence of allergies in boys and girls of 6 and 7 years old and their relation with maternal nutrition. Methods and materials: Descriptive transversal study of prevalence of allergies in boys and girls of 6 and 7 years old and their relation with theirs mother´s nutrition, information that was collected through the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire, which is used to describe the epidemiological behavior of diseases like asthma, rhinitis and eczema in kids and youths. It was resolved by theirs parents before their signature and delivery of informed consent. It was made a questionnaire throw one reliability of 0,78 in the α of Cronbach, an analysis of proportion to the categories of interest of this study and a contrast of hypothesis was made by the differences of proportions with the interval of confidence in a level of 95% Results: Given the results of the consumption of mother´s food in the gestation age and the presence of symptom of allergies in kids, it includes that: Value-P: 0,05 Value -Za/2: -34,6241, it´s not accepted the Ho for a α/2= 0,025. It was found in the study although mothers reported having consumed mainly healthy food, these children felt and showed symptom of allergic diseases, associated with asthma, rhinitis and eczema. Conclusions: This study as well as others, does not present a consensus looking if the maternal diet influences positively in the reduction of allergies in neonates.
ABSTRACT
En este trabajo de investigación, se determinó si la presencia de síntomas asociados a enfermedades alérgicas presenta relación con el consumo de alimentos en niños, antes y después de los 6 meses de edad, considerando estudios que indican que la ingesta temprana de alimentos, por parte de los menores, puede ser factor predisponente a padecimiento de enfermedades alérgicas. Se realizó mediante estudio de carácter descriptivo modalidad Cross, seccional en escuelas públicas y privadas del Distrito de Barranquilla, a nivel de básica primaria, aplicando el instrumento cuestionario ISAAC. Se obtuvieron 1.520 encuestas contestadas por los padres de los menores de niños y niñas, entre 6 y 7 años, 47% varones y 53% niñas. De los alimentos objetos del presente estudio, huevos, pescado y leche de vaca, los que presentaron valores significativos en relación a la presencia de síntomas enfermedades alérgicas fue: el pescado, para el asma, con un p valor < 0,05, y un OR: 2,40; en los demás alimentos, no se pudo establecer, mediante significancia relación entre el padecimiento de alergias y su consumo. Actualmente, no hay un consenso universal y este estudio tampoco concluye si la ablactación temprana y la ingesta de alimentos, antes de los seis meses de edad, pueda provocar la presencia de síntomas de enfermedades alérgicas. Se recomienda continuar con las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud e iniciar ingreso de alimentos a la dieta del menor, después de los seis meses.
In this research, it was determined whether the presence of symptoms associated with allergic diseases is related to food consumption in children before and after 6 months of age, considering studies that indicate that the early intake of food by children Can be a predisposing factor to allergic diseases, was carried out by means of a descriptive cross sectional modality in public and private schools of the District of Barranquilla at primary level through the instrument ISAAC questionnaire. We obtained 1520 surveys answered by the parents of the minors of children between 6 and 7 years old, 47% male and 53% female. Of the food items of the present study, eggs, fish and cow's milk, those presenting significant values in relation to the presence of allergic diseases symptoms were: fish for asthma with a p value <0.05, and an OR: 2.40 in other foods could not be established by a significant relationship between the allergy condition and its consumption. There is currently no universal consensus and this study also does not conclude whether early ablation and food intake before 6 months of age may lead to the presence of allergic disease symptoms, it is recommended to continue the recommendations of the World Health Organization and initiate food intake into the child's diet after six months.
ABSTRACT
Background: College students are in a critical stage in their life style due to the transition between high school and university and they may be prone to develop cardiovascular diseases. Aim: To compare the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in students from first and third year at the University of La Frontera, Temuco-Chile, according to faculty, gender and socioeconomic status (SES). Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study. Anthropometry, blood pressure, lipid profile, blood glucose, insulin resistance (IR), sedentary lifestyle, tobacco and alcohol consumption were evaluated during 2014 in randomly selected 163 freshmen aged 19.2 ± 1.8 years and 163 third year students aged 21.7 ± 2.5 years (49% females), stratified by faculty, career and gender. Results: 32.4% of students had prehypertension, 30.6% abdominal obesity, 26.3% insulin resistance, 25.7% dyslipidemia and 8.9% metabolic syndrome. Third grade students had higher prevalence of elevated total and LDL cholesterol and higher alcohol consumption, especially among students of middle and high socioeconomic level. Compared with students from the School of Medicine, students from the Education Faculty had 3.9, 3.3 and 2.7 times greater likelihood of being obese, having elevated LDLcholesterol and being smokers, respectively. Women had the highest prevalence of sedentary lifestyles and dyslipidemia. Men had the highest prevalence of prehypertension and smoking. Conclusions: Educational programs are required to promote healthy lifestyles among these students.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Students/statistics & numerical data , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Social Class , Universities , Chile/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objetivo: Analizar los cambios que se producen en el patrón de consumo de tabaco de estudiantes de la Universidad Pública de Navarra, en el tercer curso de titulación versus el primero. Metodología: Estudio de cohorte descriptivo-observacional. Se autoaplicó un cuestionario, con preguntas sobre el consumo de tabaco. La utilización de una clave elaborada por el propio estudiante permitió enlazar los cuestionarios en los dos momentos del estudio, para asegurar la confidencialidad de los datos. Para el análisis estadístico de los datos se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS v21.0. Resultados: La cohorte la constituyeron 245 estudiantes: el 64,1% eran mujeres (n = 157), y el 35,9%, hombres (n = 88). El porcentaje de fumadores a diario descendió de un 24,5% en primer curso a un 23,7% en tercero, así como el porcentaje de fumadores ocasionales (de 21,6% a 20,8%). Sin embargo, el consumo medio de cigarrillos diario entre los fumadores aumentó de 10,30% a 11,02%. En las mujeres se observó la misma tendencia de cambio que en la media general: 2,8% el descenso de las fumadoras a diario y 1% las fumadoras ocasionales. Entre tanto, en los hombres aumentó el porcentaje de fumadores a diario (1,2%) y el de fumadores ocasionales (1,10%), así como el número medio de cigarrillos consumidos al día que se aumenta en 2,6. Conclusiones: Un alto porcentaje de estudiantes mantiene la frecuencia de consumo de tabaco durante la vida universitaria, que resultan porcentajes similares entre los que modifican su hábito aumentando o disminuyendo la frecuencia de consumo.
Objective: To analyze the change in the tobacco consumption of the university students during their university studies. Methodology: A descriptive cohort study of university students followed from the first to third year. An anonymous questionnaire was administered to the students. The use of a key generated by the student questionnaires allowed linking the two stages of the study, ensuring the confidentiality of data. A statistical package SPSS v210 was used for the statistical analysis of data. Results: The cohort consisting of 245 students, with 64.1% of female (n=157) and 35.9% male (n=88). The percentage of daily smokers decreased from 24.5% in the first year to 23.7% in the third, and the percentage of occasional smokers (from 21.6% to 20.8%). However, the average daily consumption of cigarettes among smokers increased from 10.30% to 11.02%. In women, the same trend of change in the overall average being 2.8% declining daily smokers and 1.0% the casual smokers was observed. However in men the percentage of daily smokers increased (1.2%) and occasional smokers (1.10%) and the average number of cigarettes smoked per day increases by 2.6. Conclusions: A high percentage of students support the frequency of consumption of tobacco during the university life, turning out to be similar percentages between those who modify smoking increasing or decreasing the frequency of consumption.
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as mudanças que ocorrem no padrão de consumo de tabaco por estudantes universitários no terceiro ano de estudo em relação ao primeiro ano. Metodologia: Estudo de coorte descritivo de uma coorte de estudantes universitários seguiu para o primeiro e terceiro ano os alunos. Autocuplimentación questionário com perguntas sobre o consumo de tabaco foi aprovada. O uso de uma chave gerada pelos questionários dos alunos autorizados a ligar as duas etapas do estudo, garantindo a confidencialidade dos dados. Para a análise estatística do pacote estatístico SPSSS dados v21.0 foi usado. Resultado: A coorte constituída 245 alunos, com 64,1% de participantes do sexo feminino (n = 157) e 35,9% do sexo masculino (n = 88). O percentual de fumantes diários diminuiu de 24,5% no primeiro ano para 23,7% no terceiro, eo percentual de fumantes ocasionais (de 21,6% para 20,8%). No entanto, o consumo médio diário de cigarros entre os fumantes aumentou 10,30%- 11,02%. Nas mulheres, a mesma tendência de mudança na média geral sendo 2,8% de declínio fumantes diários e 1% dos fumantes ocasionais foi observada. No entanto, em homens, aumentou o percentual de fumantes diários (1,2%) e fumantes ocasionais (1,10%) e do número médio de cigarros fumados por dia aumenta em 2.6. Conclusões: Uma elevada percentagem de estudantes mantém a frequência de consumo de tabaco durante a vida da faculdade, resultando em taxas similares entre aqueles que mudam de hábito, aumentando ou diminuindo a frequência de consumo.